This is a condensation and arrangement of Huntington's argument, not a commentary upon it. 1. The sixties as a decade of “democratic renewal”: “The 1960s witnessed a drama renewal of the democratic spirit in America. The predominant trends of that decade involved the challenging of the authority of established political, social, and economic institutions, increased popular participation in and control over those institutions, a reaction against the concentration of power in the executive branch of the federal government and in favor of the reassertion of the power of Congress and of state and local government, renewed commitment to the idea of…

The word "philosophy" comes from the Greek root (philosophia),which literally means "love of wisdom". Philosophy means: the study of general and fundamental problems concerning matters such as existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. In the ancient terminology: philosophy was divided into two parts:1. "Theoretical Philosophy" which includes physics, metaphysics, andmathematics,…2. "Practical Philosophy" which contains: moral, politics… But the current terminology of philosophy is in opposition of science in its new definition, philosophy by this meaning is specialized in non experimental issues such as metaphysics, Theology, or what was called: the ‘’absolute science’’. Science?Henri Poincaré introduces science that is: "a…

To the People of the United States FRIENDS AND FELLOW-CITIZENS: 1 The period for a new election of a citizen, to administer the executive government of the United States, being not far distant, and the time actually arrived, when your thoughts must be employed designating the person, who is to be clothed with that important trust, it appears to me proper, especially as it may conduce to a more distinct expression of the public voice, that I should now apprize you of the resolution I have formed, to decline being considered among the number of those out of whom a…

Extract from the book : “Islam and The West” Encounters 2. Legal and Historical Reflections on the position of Muslim populations under Non-Muslim Rule. To these one must now add an entirely new category-Muslim minority communities formed by voluntary migration from Muslim lands to part of the House of Islam. For such an action by Muslims, there is no precedent in Islamic history, no previous discussion in Islamic legal literature. The Jurists, ancient and modern, discussed the predicament of the Muslim under a non-Muslim government under several headings : the new convert alienated from his previous coreligionists, the temporary visitor…

  As we see each new administration, regardless of claimed ideological or political differences, pursuing the same destructive policies abroad and trampling our civil liberties at home, we must now face the key issues of our time. The issues of war or peace, republic or empire, liberty at home or the encroaching police state, can no longer be ignored. We find ourselves at the edge of a precipice, where it is obvious that the failed policies of the past cannot be repackaged under a new name to solve our crisis today. Many still believe each four years that if only…