Extract from the book "Storm from the East"   Chapter II Revolt 1901-1918 Sharif Hussein opened the correspondence with the questionable claim that he spoke in the name of "the Arab nation.” He demanded that Britain agree to the establishment of an Arab state roughly within the boundaries of the Arabic-speaking world and to”the proclamation of an Arab caliphate for Islam.” To satisfy British colonial interests, he offered to concede Britain’s preeminence among foreign powers within the anticipated Arab state. McMahon, whose instructions were to maintain Britain’s freedom of action, was so evasive in his reply that Hussein chided…

Chapter 6 The Mongol  Aftermath Extract : In the Ottoman state the Islamic religious institution reached its maturity, and achieved its final integration into the Sunni polity, Islam was now represented by a real institutional structure- a graded hierarchy of professional and academically trained men of religion, with territorial jurisdictions and defined functions and powers, under the headship of a supreme religious authority recognized as the highest instance of the Holy Law. The Ottomans made what was perhaps the only really serious attempt, in a Muslim state of high material civilization, to establish the Holy Law of Islam as the…

  When I cooked for the first time a 400 g of mussel, I was very bother, how I start and how my family will behave? Same thing when I spoke for the first time in a meeting, it was a conference and the theme was Globalization in spring 2000. Usually, all I need in this case a little push from the people around me and Thanks Allah, I find a great support. In the beginning, I feel alone face a strong challenge but I learn in every verb, action and life. And however do a little is better than…